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Gaithersburg is a city[1] in Montgomery County, Maryland. As of 2005[update], the city had an estimated total population of 57,698[2], making it the fourth largest in the state behind Baltimore, Frederick, and Rockville. This city is located at 39°8' North, 77°13' West, to the northwest of Rockville, the county seat of Montgomery County. Gaithersburg was incorporated in 1878. Gaithersburg is urbanistically diverse, encompassing a historic Old Town, multiple new urban communities, high-rise apartments, and many suburban subdivisions. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is headquartered in Gaithersburg[3]. Other major employers in the city include IBM, ACE*COMM, Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services business area headquarters, MedImmune (recently purchased by AstraZeneca), and Sodexo. The city is also the location of the 220th Military Police Brigade of the United States Army Reserve. Gaithersburg began in 1765 as a small agricultural settlement known as Log Town, gaining the name Gaithersburg a few years later.[4] In 1850, the post office was named "Forest Oak". In 1873 the B&O Railroad constructed a station at Gaithersburg, designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin as part of his well-known series of Victorian stations in Maryland. Rapid growth occurred shortly thereafter, and on April 5, 1878 the town was officially incorporated as the City of Gaithersburg. In 1899, Gaithersburg was selected as one of six global locations for the construction of an International Latitude Observatory as part of a project to measure the earth's wobble on its polar axis. The Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory is (as of 2007) the only National Historic Landmark in the City of Gaithersburg. The observatory and five others in Japan, Italy, Russia, and the United States gathered information that is still used by scientists today, along with information from satellites, to determine polar motion; the size, shape, and physical properties of the earth; and to aid the space program through the precise navigational patterns of orbiting satellites. The Gaithersburg station operated until 1982 when computerization rendered the manual observation obsolete.Over the past two decades into the twenty first century Gaithersburg has become a diverse city with a sizable hispanic population in the historic OldeTowne district. Gaithersburg is located at 39°7'55" North, 77°13'35" West (39.131974, -77.226428)[5]. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.2 square miles (26.3 km²), of which, 10.1 square miles (26.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²) of it is water. The total area is 0.69% water. As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 52,613 people, 19,621 households, and 12,577 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,216.2 people per square mile (2,013.3/km²). There were 20,674 housing units at an average density of 2,049.7/sq mi (791.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.2% White, 15% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 13.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.6 from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. 19.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 34.3% of Gaithersburg's population was foreign-born. There were 19,621 households out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.14 the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 37.7% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $59,879, and the median income for a family was $66,669 (these figures had risen to $74,883 and $86,422 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[7]). Males had a median income of $44,331 versus $35,861 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,323. 9.1% of the population and 4.9% of families were below the poverty line. 7.2% of those under the age of 18 and 11.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Gaithersburg has an elected, five-member City Council, which serves as the legislative body of the city. The Mayor, who is also elected, serves as president of the council. The day-to-day administration of the City is overseen by a career City Manager, currently Angel Jones. Its current mayor is Sidney A. Katz. (1998-). Previous Mayors include: The departments of the city of Gaithersburg and their directors include: The primary spine of Gaithersburg's road network is Frederick Avenue, which runs generally north-south through the middle of the city and connects Gaithersburg to Frederick, Rockville and Washington, DC. The most important east-west cross streets are Diamond Avenue and Quince Orchard Road. Interstate 270, runs approximately parallel to Frederick Avenue and connects Gaithersburg with the Capital Beltway. Interstate 370 begins in Gaithersburg and is the western terminus of the currently-under-construction Intercounty Connector, which when complete will provide a direct link to Interstate 95 near Laurel. Gaithersburg is connected to the Washington Metro via Shady Grove station, which is located just outside the city limits and is the north-western terminus of the Red Line. Maryland's MARC system operates commuter rail services connecting Gaithersburg to Washington, DC with two stations in the city, at Old Town Gaithersburg and Metropolitan Grove, and a third station - Washington Grove - just outside city limits. Gaithersburg's bus system includes Metrobus routes operated by WMATA and Ride-On routes operated by Montgomery County. Additionally, the State of Maryland is considering construction of a light rail or bus rapid transit line from Shady Grove Metro station to Clarksburg, Maryland called the Corridor Cities Transitway. If built, the transitway would have several stations in Gaithersburg. The mainline of the CSX Railroad bisects Montgomery County and runs as many as 50 trains a day through the center of Gaithersburg. The MARC trains run on the CSX tracks, as do Amtrak trains, which go through Gaithersburg but do not stop. The Montgomery County Airpark (IATA airport code: GAI) is a short distance outside Gaithersburg city limits. It serves general aviation purposes and is the only airport in Montgomery County. For commercial airline service, Gaithersburg residents use Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Washington Dulles International Airport or Baltimore-Washington International Airport. Gaithersburg is served by Montgomery County Public Schools. Elementary schools that serve Gaithersburg include: Middle schools that serve Gaithersburg include: High schools that serve Gaithersburg include: Gaithersburg is primarily served by the Washington, DC media market. Gaithersburg is home to Gazette Newspapers, a publisher of weekly community newspapers in suburban Maryland, including the Gaithersburg Gazette. The Town Courier newspaper is based in Kentlands and focuses on Gaithersburg's west side neighborhoods, in addition to publishing Rockville and Urbana editions. Gaithersburg's city government operates Gaithersburg Television, which focuses on the city issues and is streamed online. Gaithersburg topics are discussed on the controversial and non-affiliated blog Gaithersblog. "Gaithersburg: Then and Now" takes you on a photographic journey through the city's rich history... 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